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Millions of hectares of tropical woodland are cleared for agricultural projects that ultimately are not productive. This study examines failed land investments that lead to deforestation, finding that projects are largely stalled by local resistance or poor planning. The research reveals a grim reality: even after an investment fails, illegal deforestation sometimes persists, and local communities are frequently left without access to their land. These findings highlight an urgent need for governments to learn from these failures, prioritize local voices, and reevaluate priorities in land governance.

Conservation rangers play a vital role in protecting biodiversity but often work under perilous and highly stressful conditions, exposing them to substantial psychological strain and mental health challenges. Despite their critical role, mental health support for rangers remains limited worldwide. This perspective proposes four priority actions: routine mental health monitoring, recognition of rangers as essential workers, sustainable financing, and stronger institutional wellbeing support. Addressing ranger wellbeing is both an ethical responsibility and essential for effective, long-term biodiversity conservation.

Tropical forest loss is a major global challenge. In deforestation frontier regions, decisions by diverse actors – including smallholders, Indigenous communities, and agribusinesses – shape whether forests persist or disappear. Using data from nearly 1 million km² across two major deforestation hotspots, we show that forests are lost more slowly where forest-dwelling smallholders are present – even as agriculture expands. Because agribusinesses mainly expand onto land already used by smallholders, securing smallholders’ land rights can both support livelihoods and protect forests and biodiversity.

Using satellite based forest structure indicators in a Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling framework we show that deforestation-driven edge effects reach up to 700m into surrounding forests, releasing an additional 15% of carbon from Chacoan forests.

Critically endangered, Sociable lapwing is a long-distance migratory bird that moves in the Central-Asian flyway. While its populations continue to decline, our results suggest that the overall habitat suitability for the species has increased over the past three decades through the annual cycle largely due to agricultural developments.

Our goal is to carry out cutting‑edge and relevant research on land use and impacts on biodiversity which often concerns regions far away from Berlin. We aim to minimize the environmental impact of our work with responsible travel! Take a look at our Responsible Travel Statement and at the 2025 emissions report here!

Under future climate scenarios, snow leopard habitat and pastoralist distribution are projected to shift differently in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. These contrasting outcomes suggest that climate change may exacerbate human–wildlife conflict in some landscapes while creating opportunities for wildlife restoration and lower conflict in others, emphasizing the need for context-specific conservation approaches.

We compiled the largest European bison GPS tracking dataset to assess habitat preferences across European contemporary landscapes. We found that bison are much generalist in their behavior, selecting for habitats according to their availability. However, we found quite a strong exception for croplands, which especially during the non-growing season are strongly preferred. For this reason, we advocate for future reintroduction and conservation initiatives to assess habitat availability and conflict potential, rather than aiming at reintroducing European bison in specific habitat types relative to their ecology or/ and historical distribution.

Megafauna are among the most challenging conservation targets, especially in India’s pressured tropical dry woodlands. In this study, we found that tropical dry woodland cover and protected area coverage were positively associated with all six megafauna species, underscoring the importance of safeguarding contiguous woodland patches in human-dominated landscapes Similarly, while woody cover was positively associated with all species, human activities or presence were stronger predictors for several of them, indicating their ability to adapt to human use of shared landscapes. Finally, historical woodland change showed legacy effects, with greater past loss linked to higher contemporary megafauna presence. Our study shows that Indian megafauna can coexist with people across diverse social-ecological conditions, provided that sufficient refuge habitats such as protected areas and contiguous forests are maintained or restored.

Agricultural expansion in the South American Chaco is reshaping snake communities. While some generalist species gained ground, many specialists lost habitat and diversity declined overall. The study reveals a strong trend toward biotic homogenization.