Causal methods

Legacies of 19th century land use shape contemporary forest cover
Historic land use can exert strong land-use legacies, i.e., long-lasting effects on ecosystems, but the importance of land-use …
DOI
Long-term agricultural land-cover change and potential for cropland expansion in the former Virgin Lands area of Kazakhstan
During the Soviet Virgin Lands Campaign, approximately 23 million hectares (Mha) of Eurasian steppe grassland were converted into …
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Mapping wood production in European forests
Wood production is an important forest use, impacting a range of other ecosystem services. However, information on the spatial patterns …
DOI
Patterns and drivers of scattered tree loss in agricultural landscapes: orchard meadows in Germany (1968-2009)
Scattered trees support high levels of farmland biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, but they are threatened …
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Testing the Effectiveness of Environmental Variables to Explain European Terrestrial Vertebrate Species Richness across Biogeographical Scales
We compared the effectiveness of environmental variables, and in particular of land-use indicators, to explain species richness …
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The relative effectiveness of protected areas, a logging ban, and sacred areas for old-growth forest protection in southwest China
Forests are critically important for life on earth, prompting a variety of efforts to protect them. Protected areas and logging …
DOI
Drivers of forest harvesting intensity patterns in Europe
Forests provide humankind with essential raw materials and the demand for these materials is increasing. Further expanding forestry …
DOI
Finite land resources and competition
Today, global land use is affected by a variety of factors, including urbanization and the growing interconnectedness of economies and …
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Land-use change in the Caucasus during and after the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Socioeconomic shocks can shape future land-use trajectories. Armed conflicts are an extreme form of a socioeconomic shock, but our …
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Modelling avian biodiversity using raw, unclassified satellite imagery
Applications of remote sensing for biodiversity conservation typically rely on image classifications that do not capture variability …
DOI